What is kidney and urinary tract ultrasound?
Kidney and urinary tract ultrasound (USG) is a safe, painless, and non-invasive diagnostic test that uses sound waves to assess the structure and condition of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. It is commonly used to detect inflammation, growths, obstructions, or other pathological processes in the urinary system.
How is the ultrasound performed?
During the procedure, the patient lies down while a special gel is applied to the abdomen or sides. The doctor moves an ultrasound probe over the area to visualize the kidneys and urinary tract. If necessary, images are also taken from the back or sides. The bladder may also be assessed before and/or after urination.
The procedure usually takes 15 to 20 minutes but may vary depending on the patient's condition and the scope of the examination.
What can be diagnosed with kidney and urinary tract ultrasound?
This test helps detect:
Kidney stones and sand
Inflammatory conditions (pyelonephritis, cystitis, etc.)
Narrowing or obstruction of the urinary tract
Benign and malignant tumors
Congenital anomalies of the kidneys or urinary tract
Fluid accumulation in the kidneys (hydronephrosis)
Prostate enlargement in men
What does the test evaluate?
It allows doctors to assess:
Kidney size, shape, and structure
Urinary tract patency and function
Whether the bladder empties completely
Signs of inflammation or infection
Possible tumors or cysts
When is the test recommended?
It may be prescribed if the patient has:
Pain in the lower back or sides
Suspected kidney stones or urinary tract infection
Frequent or difficult urination
Blood in the urine
Elevated blood pressure without a known cause
Suspected kidney or bladder pathologies
Monitoring kidney health in chronic diseases
Contraindications
There are no absolute contraindications. The procedure is suitable for both children and adults, as it does not involve radiation. In some cases, excessive body weight or scars in the examined area may make image acquisition more difficult. Special approaches may be needed for children or patients with urinary retention.
Preparation
Drink about 1 liter of water 1–2 hours before the exam and do not urinate.
A full bladder improves visualization of the bladder.
Usually, no special diet or medication adjustment is needed, but inform the doctor about any chronic conditions or medications. Additional instructions may be given if necessary.
What is kidney and urinary tract ultrasound with post-void residual urine assessment?
This diagnostic test combines ultrasound imaging of the kidneys and urinary tract with the measurement of residual (non-voided) urine in the bladder after urination. First, the urinary tract is examined while the bladder is full. Then, the patient is asked to urinate, and a second scan is performed to measure how much urine remains — known as residual urine.
What can be diagnosed?
Urinary retention or incontinence
Incomplete bladder emptying
Kidney stones and sand
Bladder and kidney inflammation (e.g., cystitis, pyelonephritis)
Prostate enlargement in men
Anatomical abnormalities or obstructions in the urinary tract
When is this test recommended?
It may be recommended if the patient has:
Pain in the sides or lower back
Frequent or difficult urination
Suspected urinary tract infection
Suspected kidney stones
Urinary incontinence or retention
Follow-up after urinary tract surgery or treatment
Suspected prostate issues in men
Results are usually available immediately after the procedure.
Services are available under the National Health Service (NHS) coverage, private health insurance, or for a fee.
