Prostate Ultrasound (USG)

Prostate Ultrasound (USG)

What is a prostate ultrasound?

Prostate ultrasound (USG) is a diagnostic examination that uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to visualize the prostate gland — a male reproductive gland located below the bladder and surrounding the urethra. It is a safe, painless, and non-invasive method that helps evaluate the size, structure, and possible pathologies of the prostate.

How is a prostate ultrasound performed?

There are two methods for performing a prostate ultrasound:

  • Transabdominally – through the abdominal wall. The patient lies on their back, and the doctor performs the examination by moving the probe over the lower abdomen. This method is suitable for assessing prostate size. It is usually performed by radiologists or ultrasound specialists.

  • Transrectally – through the rectum. The patient lies on their side with knees bent. Transrectal scanning allows for a more detailed image and a more accurate assessment of the prostate structure, signs of inflammation, and tumors. This is the most informative method and is usually performed by urologists during a consultation.

The procedure takes about 10–20 minutes.

What can be diagnosed with prostate ultrasound?

Prostate ultrasound can help diagnose:

  • Benign prostate enlargement (hyperplasia);

  • Prostatitis (inflammation);

  • Prostate tumors (benign and malignant);

  • Prostate cysts or calcifications;

  • Bladder emptying disorders;

  • Urethral compression or obstruction.

When does a doctor refer for a prostate ultrasound?

A doctor may recommend a prostate ultrasound if:

  • There are urinary problems (e.g., frequent urination, weak urine stream, inability to empty the bladder fully);

  • PSA (prostate-specific antigen) level in blood tests is abnormal;

  • There is suspicion of prostatitis or prostate tumors;

  • The patient has pain in the perineum, lower back, or discomfort during urination;

  • Blood is observed in urine or semen;

  • Regular monitoring of prostate conditions is required.

Indications:

  • Urinary problems;

  • Enlarged prostate (after digital rectal exam);

  • PSA changes in blood tests;

  • Suspicion of inflammation or tumors;

  • Prostate status control after therapy or surgery.

Contraindications:

There are no absolute contraindications.

Relative contraindications for transrectal USG may include:

  • Severe hemorrhoidal inflammation or bleeding;

  • Rectal trauma or infections;

  • Recent rectal surgery.

Preparation for prostate ultrasound

Transabdominal USG:

It is recommended to come with a full bladder. Drink about one liter of water one hour before the examination.

Transrectal USG:

  • Rectal emptying is recommended (naturally or with an enema if needed).

  • A prior consultation with a doctor or urologist about preparation is advisable.

Good to know!

  • The prostate is a gland that produces part of the seminal fluid and plays a role in male reproductive function.

  • With age, the prostate often enlarges, and this benign hyperplasia may cause urinary flow problems.

  • Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in men – early diagnosis with ultrasound and PSA testing is crucial.

  • Prostatitis (prostate inflammation) can occur at any age and may cause pain, pressure, difficulty urinating, or even fever.